In February 2021, Alaska’s Mount Veniaminof erupted, spewing clouds of ash and toxic gas into the atmosphere. Despite this, there were no obvious warning signs prior to the event itself,
Key Takeaways on the First Mammal According to most experts, the first mammal was Morganucodon, a small, shrew-like rodent that appeared during the Jurassic Period, approximately 200 million years ago.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 23, June 2025. SignificanceSeed dormancy and germination are critical phases during plant development. The hormone abscisic acid (ABA) has important
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 23, June 2025. SignificanceTranscription factors (TFs) bind tocis-regulatory elements (e.g., enhancers) to coordinate gene expression during cell fate transition. However,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 23, June 2025. SignificanceHere, we investigate the mechanisms of neural circuit assembly in the ancestral cnidarianHydraand provide evidence for self-organizing
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 23, June 2025. SignificanceThe gender-equality paradox entails that countries with more equality have larger gender differences in personality and behaviors.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 23, June 2025. SignificanceThis study introduces a supramolecular hydrogel designed to overcome a major barrier in cancer treatment by codelivering
Plants are highly sensitive to temperature, and climate change is predicted to have negative impacts on agricultural productivity. Warming temperatures, coupled with a growing population, present a substantial challenge for
Predicting plant responses to rising temperatures, including acute heat waves and hot droughts of varying intensity and duration, is central to addressing the climate and biodiversity crises. However, plant responses
For decades, empirical evidence has pointed to the unsustainable trajectory of global food systems, linking industrialized production to soil degradation, water stress, and nutrition deficits across vulnerable populations and underscoring
